Transport Communication And Trade Geography Optional

It's helped in growing agricultural industry by providing connectivity
Transport carries the people and goods from one place to other places
Production, distribution consumption depends upon the transport facility
Accelerate economic activity
Ensuring security and territorial integrity
Transport consists three different modes such as land water and air
Land transport consists road and railway
Rail transport is highly useful for carrying heavy goods and services over long distance with at very affordable price
Road transport over to a customer at his doorstep at affordable prices
Water transport carry heavy and bulky goods along navigable Rivers
It is very expensive and slow
Air transport save times and energy
It is popular for people who are called upon to visit urgently various parts of the world

Getty image

Indian Railway network is the fourth largest in the world after Russia, USA and Canada.
Railway are ideal for carrying goods and people over long distances
In 1853 first stream train were run between Mumbai to thana
Nearly 28 percent of the Indian Railways route has been electrified
The railway have undertaken to convert meter gauge railway tracks into broad gauge for enhancing the capacity of railway to carry more goods and passengers with an increased speed
Northern plains and eastern coastal areas have a dense railway network due to level land, fertile soil dense population and spread of Industries
Gujarat, saurashtra, central Tamil Nadu and chhotanagpur plateau also possess dense railway network
Hole peninsular region except Tamil Nadu and chhotanagpur has a moderate network due to hilly terrain
North eastern Region, Himalayan mountain region and desert region of Western Rajasthan has sparse Railway network

Road transport is a old mean of transport and play significant role in carrying goods and people in all parts of the country
Particularly Agricultural sector or rural economy both depends upon road transport
It will be helpful in providing door to door services
It is flexible, reliable and quick
Surface and unsurface roads generally found in India
After independent the road length increase that lead to increase in heavy vehicle, cars and bike tremendously
Road density in India is very low as compared to developed countries and their pattern is uneven
Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Punjab and haryana have higher road density due to growth of agriculture, manufacturing industries, urbanization and dense population
State such Andhra pradesh and bihar have moderate density of roads
Himalayan and North Eastern States have very low density of road network such as 40km per square km Area
Road divided into three groups such as National highway, state highway and district and village road
National highway link major cities and built and maintained by the central government and that no is 219
State highway built and maintained by the state government
National highway development projects are responsible for building of roads in India and run by central government
Golden quadrilateral, construction of North-Sought and East - west and four laning done by the NHDP

PIPE line trash is useful for transportation of mineral oil, petroleum products and natural gas
It can be used in transportation in difficult terrain as well as under water
Initial cost of laying is high but maintenance costs is low
We can't increase the capacity of pipeline once it is laid
Security in certain areas is very difficult
Pipe line between kandla and mathura is the longest pipe line (1220km) in India

Indian coastline is 6100km long that contains 12 major ports manged by central government
Water transport is cheaper and helps in the promotion of foreign trade
Twelve major ports on the coast line handle 90 percent of India's sea imports and exports
Ganga river between Allahabad and Haldia covering a distance of 1620km that is inland waterways

Air transport is the fastest through costlier mode of transport.
It has brought the world closers
Air India and Indian Air line are two main air carriers operating in the country. There are seven private airlines
It is useful in dense forest, mershy land, hilly terrain and high mountain
Air India is a international air carrier and handles foreign traffic which includes both cargo and passenger services
India Air lines handle the domestic air transport

COMMUNICATION

communication system help in development of the economy, social relationships and also promote culture unity
Postal Services most commonly used in India more than 95 percent of village are enjoying postal Service today
Telegraph, Telephone, Fax are the main means of telecommunications
Mass communication such as radio, Television, cinema and print media are used to communicate with each other

During the past two decades, India's imports have shown a considerable change
India's foreign trade has risen rapidly from Rs 1214 crores in 1950 to Rs 837133 crores in 2005
There has been a great change in the foreign trade of India especially in the commodities of export and imports.